Rufin Polyurethane Mai Ruwa
Gwada Kariya Mai Kyau Ba Tare Da Maganin Ƙarfi Ba Tare Da Mafi Kyawun Rufin Ruwan Polyurethane Daga Great Ocean. Ji daɗin fa'idodin rufin ruwa ba tare da ƙamshi ba - ya dace da wuraren da aka takaita. Tsarinmu mai ƙarfi, mai sanyi yana ƙirƙirar membrane mara sumul, mai hana ruwa shiga cikin sauri, tare da juriyar saman ruwa, kariyar UV, da juriya daga zubewa, lalacewa, tsatsa, da kuma yanayi. Ya dace da rufin da ake da su (lebur, gangara, ko da waɗanda suka lalace).
Rufin Polyurethane Mai Rage Ruwa Don Siyarwa
Duk da cewa wannan shafin yana ɗauke da tsarinmu na asali, Great Ocean Waterproof yana ba da cikakken fayil na hanyoyin magance matsalar ruwa na zamani waɗanda aka tsara don biyan buƙatun gini daban-daban. Mun himmatu wajen samar da kayan da suka dace ga kowane aiki. Idan kuna da tambayoyi game da takamaiman takamaiman samfura, zaɓuɓɓukan keɓancewa, ko kuna buƙatar farashin rufin polyurethane mai hana ruwa shiga, da fatan kada ku yi jinkirin tuntuɓar mu. Tuntuɓi ƙungiyarmu a kowane lokaci—muna shirye mu taimaka muku kuma mu tabbatar da cewa za ku amsa cikin awanni 2.
Amfanin Ruwan Polyurethane
Tsarin hana ruwa na polyurethane yana ba da fa'idodi masu yawa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama zaɓi mafi kyau don kare gine-gine daga lalacewar danshi. A ƙasa, za mu bincika manyan fa'idodi, gami da ingancin makamashi, halayen hana gurɓataccen iska, da ƙari, don tabbatar da aiki na dogon lokaci da adana kuɗi.
Ingantaccen Makamashi
Polyurethane rufin hana ruwa shiga suna ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen amfani da makamashi ta hanyar samar da ingantaccen rufin zafi, rage canja wurin zafi ta rufin da bango. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye yanayin zafi mai ɗorewa a cikin gida, rage farashin dumama da sanyaya a gine-gine. Halayen su na iya rage yawan zafin rana, yana tallafawa ayyukan gini masu dorewa da kuma masu dacewa da muhalli.
Anti Carbonation
Tare da ƙarfin hana gurɓatar iskar carbonation mai ƙarfi, hana hana ruwa shiga cikin rufin siminti na polyurethane yana hana iskar carbon dioxide shiga saman siminti, wanda hakan na iya haifar da tsatsa na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi. Wannan shingen kariya yana tsawaita tsawon rayuwar gine-gine a cikin birane ko masana'antu inda iskar CO2 ke da yawa, yana kiyaye amincin tsarin a tsawon lokaci.
Juriyar Matsi a Ruwa
Waɗannan rufin sun fi ƙarfin juriya ga matsin lamba na ruwa, suna samar da membrane mai hana ruwa shiga wanda ke jure matsin lamba na hydrostatic daga ruwan ƙasa ko ruwan sama mai yawa. Ya dace da ginshiƙai da tushe, suna hana shigar ruwa ko da a cikin yanayi mai matsin lamba mai yawa, suna tabbatar da busassun ciki da aminci ba tare da yin sassauci ba.
Haɗawa da Mannewa
Tsarin polyurethane yana ba da kyakkyawan haɗin tsagewa, yana ratsa ƙananan fasa da kuma daidaita motsin gini ba tare da gazawa ba. Ƙarfin mannewarsu yana ɗaurewa ba tare da wata matsala ba ga abubuwa daban-daban kamar siminti, ƙarfe, da itace, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen hatimi koda akan saman da bai daidaita ba ko kuma ya lalace, yana rage haɗarin zubewa.
sassauci
Yana ba da ƙarfi da tsayi, hana ruwa shiga cikin polyurethane yana ci gaba da sassauƙa a cikin kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi, yana hana tsagewa saboda faɗaɗa zafi ko matsewa. Wannan daidaitawa yana sa ya dace da yanayi mai ƙarfi, kamar rufin gida ko gadoji, inda motsi ya zama ruwan dare.
Aikace-aikacen Sauƙi
Amfani yana da sauƙi kuma yana da sauƙin amfani, tare da maganin ruwa wanda za a iya fesawa, gogewa, ko birgima a kai, yana samar da membrane mara sulɓi ba tare da haɗin gwiwa ba. Lokutan warkarwa cikin sauri da zaɓuɓɓukan ƙarancin wari suna ba da damar rage lalacewa, wanda hakan ke sa ya zama mai sauƙin samu ga ƙwararru da ayyukan DIY.
Dorewa da Tsawon Rai
An san su da ƙarfinsu, rufin polyurethane yana jure wa haskoki na UV, sinadarai, gogewa, da kuma yanayin iska, yana ba da kariya ta dogon lokaci wanda zai iya ɗaukar shekaru 10-20 ko fiye tare da kulawa mai kyau. Wannan dorewa yana rage buƙatun gyara, yana ba da mafita masu araha don aikace-aikace masu wahala.
Shiga Ƙungiyarmu
Yadda Ake Shafa Rufin Polyurethane Mai Ruwa
Polyurethane yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ɗorewa da sassauƙan hanyoyin hana ruwa shiga, wanda aka fi so saboda iyawarsa ta ɗaure tsagewa da jure faɗaɗa zafi. Domin tabbatar da hatimin da ke ɗorewa, mai hana ruwa shiga, amfani da shi yadda ya kamata yana da matuƙar muhimmanci.
Duk da cewa wannan kayan yana da amfani sosai ga abubuwa daban-daban kamar itace da ƙarfe, yana aiki mafi kyau idan aka shafa shi a saman ma'adanai masu ramuka. Musamman, ta amfani da ingantaccen inganci. shafi mai hana ruwa shiga polyurethane don siminti yana tabbatar da mannewa mai kyau kuma yana ƙirƙirar membrane mai kama da roba mara sulɓi wanda ke kare tsarin daga lalacewar ruwa, haskoki na UV, da zirga-zirgar ƙafa.
A ƙasa akwai jagorar mataki-mataki don cimma nasarar ƙwararre.
1. Shiri na Fuskar
Mataki mafi mahimmanci shine shiri. Dole ne saman ya kasance mai tsabta, bushe, kuma mai lafiya.
Tsaftacewa: Cire duk wani tarkace da ya lalace, ƙura, mai, mai, ko kuma abin rufe fuska da aka yi a baya. Don siminti, ana iya buƙatar wankewa ko niƙa mai ƙarfi don buɗe ramuka.
Duba Danshi: Tabbatar da cewa substrate ɗin ya bushe gaba ɗaya. Danshin da ke tarko na iya sa murfin ya kumfa ko ya ɓace daga baya.
Gyara: Cika duk wani tsagewa, ko gurɓataccen abu, ko kuma zumar zuma da man shafawa mai polyurethane ko turmi mai gyara kafin fara amfani da shi.
2. Yin amfani da farko
Kada a taɓa tsallake primer ɗin. Na'urar primer ta musamman tana aiki a matsayin abin da ke haɗa tsakanin substrate da murfin.
A shafa primer daidai gwargwado ta amfani da abin nadi ko goga.
A bar shi ya warke kamar yadda aka umarta daga masana'anta (yawanci awanni 4-6) har sai ya yi laushi amma ba ya jikewa.
3. Aikin Cikakkun Bayanai (Fillets da Kusurwoyi)
Kafin yin babban bene ko rufin, ƙarfafa wuraren da ba su da ƙarfi.
A shafa wani kauri mai kauri na polyurethane a duk kusurwoyin ciki, wuraren da ke haɗa bango, da kuma kewaye da magudanar ruwa ko bututu.
Saka wani yadi mai ƙarfafa geotextile a cikin rigar da ke rufe waɗannan mahadar don hana tsagewa nan gaba.
4. Shafawa da Rufin Farko
Da zarar an shirya primer ɗin kuma an rufe cikakkun bayanai:
Haɗawa: A juya murfin polyurethane sosai (ta amfani da injina a ƙaramin gudu) don tabbatar da daidaito iri ɗaya.
Aiwatarwa: Zuba murfin a saman sannan a shimfiɗa shi daidai ta amfani da abin squeegee, trowel mai tsayi, ko abin birgima mai ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Rufewa: Tabbatar kun cika kauri da aka ba da shawarar (yawanci 0.5mm zuwa 1mm a kowace gashi). Kada ku shimfiɗa shi da siriri sosai.
5. Shafa saman gashi
Yawancin tsarin suna buƙatar fenti biyu don ƙarfin juriya.
Jira har sai fatar farko ta bushe (yawanci awanni 12-24). Ya kamata ta kasance mai sauƙin tafiya amma har yanzu tana da ɗan mannewa don tabbatar da haɗin sinadarai tsakanin layukan.
A shafa fenti na biyu a kan fenti na farko a daidai kusurwar da aka saba (a tsaye). Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa babu ramuka ko tabo da suka ɓace.
6. Magancewa
Bari tsarin ƙarshe ya warke gaba ɗaya—yawanci awanni 48 zuwa 72—kafin a ba da damar yin gwajin cunkoson ƙafa ko ruwa mai yawa.
Amfani da Ruwan Polyurethane Mai Rage Ruwa
Maganin hana ruwa na polyurethane yana ba da kariya mai yawa a wurare daban-daban da muhalli, yana tabbatar da dorewar dogon lokaci daga danshi, tsagewa, da matsalolin muhalli. Tsarinmu na zamani, gami da zaɓuɓɓukan da suka dogara da ruwa, suna samar da shinge mara matsala waɗanda suka dace da motsi na tsari yayin da suke kiyaye aikin da ya dace da muhalli.
Tsarin Rufin Gida
Ga rufin gidaje da ke fuskantar yanayi mai tsauri, a shafi mai hana ruwa na polyurethane don rufin Yana samar da juriya mai kyau ga UV da sassauci, yana hana ɓuɓɓugar ruwa a kan gine-gine masu faɗi, masu gangara, ko kuma masu kusurwa. Ya dace da sabbin shigarwa da gyare-gyare, wanda ya dace da kayan da ake da su kamar bitumen ko ƙarfe.
Katako saman
Kare benen katako, shinge, ko kayan daki na waje daga ruɓewa da lalacewar ruwa abu ne mai sauƙi da shafi mai hana ruwa na polyurethane don itace. Wannan aikace-aikacen musamman yana samar da wani Layer mai iska amma mai hana ruwa shiga, yana ƙara tsawon rai ba tare da canza yanayin halitta ba.
Gine-gine da Tushen Gidaje
A yankunan da ke ƙasa da matakin ƙasa, rufin polyurethane yana ƙirƙirar shinge mai ƙarfi na danshi, yana tsayayya da matsin lamba na hydrostatic da haɓakar mold don busassun wurare masu aminci.
Rufin Kore da Shuke-shuke
Ayyukan da suka shafi muhalli suna amfana daga tsarin polyurethane mai jure wa tushen tsirrai wanda ke tallafawa shuke-shuke yayin da suke kare gine-ginen da ke ƙarƙashinsu daga shiga cikin ruwa da kuma ruwan kududdufi.
Bene-bene na Masana'antu da Kasuwanci
Ga wuraren da cunkoson ababen hawa ya yi yawa kamar rumbunan ajiya ko garejin ajiye motoci, waɗannan rufin suna ba da kariya mai jure gogewa daga sinadarai, mai, da kaya masu nauyi, wanda ke ƙara tsawon rayuwar saman.
Wuraren Dausayi a Gine-gine
Bandakuna, kicin, da wuraren waha suna buƙatar mafita masu busarwa da sauri; wani shafi mai hana ruwa shiga da aka yi da polyurethane ya fi kyau a nan, yana ba da amfani mara ƙamshi da kammalawa mara matsala waɗanda suka dace da ƙa'idodin tsafta.
Ko don amfanin gidaje, kasuwanci, ko masana'antu, samfuran hana ruwa na polyurethane na Great Ocean suna tabbatar da ingantaccen kariya mai inganci wanda aka tsara don takamaiman buƙatunku. Tuntuɓe mu don shawarwari na musamman!
Nazarin Shari'ar Aikace-aikace
Nazarin Shari'a na 1: Rufin Ruwa Mai Rage Ruwa Don Gine-ginen Kasuwanci a Shanghai
Bayanin Aikin: Wani babban ginin kasuwanci a Shanghai yana fuskantar ɓuɓɓugar ruwa akai-akai a kan rufin gidansu saboda ruwan sama mai yawa, fashewar zafi, da gurɓataccen yanayi a birane. Yankin rufin mai girman inci 5,000 yana buƙatar mafita mai ƙarfi don magance canjin yanayi mai tsanani.
Kalubale: Famfon bitumen da ke akwai yana ta tabarbarewa cikin sauri, wanda hakan ke haifar da yawan shigar ruwa, lalacewar ciki, da kuma tsadar kulawa a lokacin damina. Sauyin yanayin zafi ya haifar da tsagewa, kuma warin da ke narkewa ya ragu a yankin da ke da cunkoson jama'a.
Mafita: An yi amfani da JY-DPU Double Components Polyurethane Waterproof Rufin don ƙirƙirar membrane mara sumul da sassauƙa. Tsarin sa mai ƙarfi da sanyi yana tabbatar da rashin fitar da sinadarai masu narkewa, yayin da ƙarfin sassauƙa ya dace da motsi na tsari. Tallafin fasaha ya haɗa da jagororin shigarwa na musamman don mannewa mafi kyau akan substrate da ya lalace.
Sakamako: Babu wani ɓuɓɓugar ruwa da aka ruwaito bayan shekaru biyu, tare da ƙaruwar juriyar UV da kuma jure wa ruwa, wanda ya ƙara tsawon rayuwar rufin da shekaru 10+. Gyaran da aka yi cikin sauri na awanni 24 ya rage lokacin hutu, yana ceton abokin ciniki daga farashin gyara da kuma samun yabo saboda aikin da ya dace da muhalli a cikin yanayi mai cunkoso a birane.
Nazarin Shari'a na 2: Rufe Rufin Gidaje don Ci gaban Gidaje a Beijing
Bayanin Aikin: Sabon ginin gidaje masu tsayi a Beijing yana buƙatar ingantaccen tsarin hana ruwa shiga don wuraren ajiye motoci da ginshiƙai na ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wanda ya rufe sama da murabba'in ƙafa 10,000 waɗanda ke fuskantar ɓullar ruwan ƙasa da matsin ƙasa.
Kalubale: Ruwan da ke cikin ƙasa mai yawa, danshi mai ɗorewa, da kuma tsarin da ke cikinsa sun yi barazanar ambaliya, girman mold, da kuma tsatsa na ƙarfafawa, wanda hakan ya kawo cikas ga bin ƙa'idodin gine-gine masu kore a cikin yanayi mai danshi.
Mafita: An yi amfani da Rufin Rufin Ruwa na JY-951 Waterborne Polyurethane don amfaninsa mai ƙarancin VOC, ba tare da ƙamshi ba. An goge tsarin siminti mai sassa ɗaya a bango da benaye, wanda ya samar da shinge mai hana ruwa shiga tare da kyakkyawan mannewa da juriya ga tushen da ke kusa da shi. Cikakken jagorar aikace-aikacen ya tabbatar da dacewa da kayan da ake da su.
Sakamako: Gine-ginen ginshiƙan sun kasance busasshe gaba ɗaya a lokutan damina da hunturu masu tsauri, wanda hakan ya hana mold da tsatsa. Aikin ya cika sharuɗɗan da aka gindaya wa muhalli, inda mai haɓaka ginin ya lura da raguwar lokacin aiki na 30% saboda bushewa da sauri da sauƙin amfani, tare da dorewa na dogon lokaci akan yanayi da fallasa sinadarai.
Nazarin Shari'ar Aikace-aikace
Ana kimanta rufin polyurethane da membranes ta hanyar ƙa'idodin ASTM daban-daban don tabbatar da cewa sun cika sharuɗɗan aiki don dorewa, sassauci, da juriya ga ruwa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙayyadaddun kayan da kansu da hanyoyin gwaji don mahimman halaye. A ƙasa akwai cikakken bayani dangane da jagororin ASTM da aka kafa, wanda ke mai da hankali kan waɗanda suka dace kai tsaye ko waɗanda aka saba amfani da su don tsarin polyurethane da aka yi amfani da ruwa.
Mahimman Bayanan ASTM don Rufe Ruwan Polyurethane
Waɗannan ƙa'idodi suna bayyana kaddarorin da ake buƙata da hanyoyin gwaji don samfuran hana ruwa na tushen polyurethane:
- ASTM C836/C836M: Daidaitaccen Bayani na Musamman don Abubuwan Da Ke Cikin Daskararru Masu Yawa, Matattarar Ruwa Mai Sanyi Mai Amfani da Ruwan Sanyi don Amfani da shi tare da Tsarin Sakawa daban. Wannan ya ƙunshi halaye kamar ƙarfin tauri, tsawaitawa, mannewa, da sassaucin yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi ga membranes na elastomeric, gami da nau'ikan polyurethane.
- ASTM C957/C957M: Daidaitaccen Bayani na Musamman don Abubuwan Da Ke Dauke da Tauri Mai Kyau, Matattarar Ruwa Mai Sanyi Mai Rufewa Mai Rufewa Mai Laushi Tare da Fuskar Sanya Haɗaka. Kamar C836 amma ya haɗa da saman sakawa mai ƙarfi, wanda ya dace da murfin polyurethane ga wuraren zirga-zirgar masu tafiya a ƙasa ko ababen hawa.
- ASTM D6947/D6947M: Daidaitaccen Bayani na Daidaitacce don Rufin Urethane Mai Danshi Mai Danshi da Aka Yi Amfani da Shi a Tsarin Rufin Kumfa na Polyurethane. Yana mai da hankali kan rufin polyurethane mai danshi mai laushi don rufin, gami da gwaje-gwaje don tsawaitawa, ƙarfin tauri, da kuma dorewar tururin ruwa.
- ASTM D8463/D8463M: Daidaitaccen Bayani na Musamman don Abubuwan Da Ke Cikin Daskararru Masu Yawa, Matattarar Ruwa Mai Sanyi da Aka Yi Amfani da ita don Amfani da Kwas ɗin Sakawa. Kwanan nan, ƙa'ida ce ta membranes na polyurethane guda ɗaya ko biyu, wanda ke jaddada aikin elastomeric da hanyoyin amfani da shi.
- ASTM D7832/D7832M: Jagorar Daidaitacce don Sifofin Aiki na Membranes Masu Rage Ruwa da Aka Yi Amfani da su a Bango Mai Ƙasa. Yana ba da jagora kan sifofi kamar juriyar ruwa da mannewa don aikace-aikacen polyurethane mai ƙasa.
Hanyoyin Gwajin ASTM na gama gari don hana ruwa shiga Polyurethane
Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna tantance muhimman fannoni na aiki kamar ƙarfin injina, juriyar ruwa, da mannewa. Da yawa an ambata a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ke sama:
| Nau'in Gwaji | ASTM Standard | Bayani |
|---|---|---|
| Shan Ruwa | ASTM D570 | Yana auna adadin ruwan da murfin ya sha, yana nuna ingancinsa na hana ruwa shiga da kuma juriyarsa ga kumburi ko lalacewa. |
| Watsa Tururin Ruwa | ASTM E96 | Yana kimanta saurin da tururin ruwa ke ratsawa ta cikin membrane, wanda yake da mahimmanci don samun iska a wasu aikace-aikace. |
| Juriyar Matsi ta Hydrostatic | ASTM D5385 | Yana gwada ikon membrane na jure matsin lamba na ruwa ba tare da ɓuya ba, yana kwaikwayon yanayin ruwan ƙasa ko kuma yanayin kududdufi. |
| Juriyar Ruwa (Hazo/Danshi) | ASTM D1735 | Yana tantance juriyar rufewa ga ruwa a cikin na'urar hazo, yana kwaikwayon yanayin danshi mai yawa. |
| Juriyar Ruwa (Mai Rage Danshi) | ASTM D4585 | Yana ƙayyade juriya ga ruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin danshi mai narkewa, yana taimakawa wajen hasashen aiki na dogon lokaci. |
| Ƙarfin Tashin Hankali da Tsawo | ASTM D412 | Yana auna halayen rufin da ƙarfinsa na miƙewa ba tare da ya karye ba, wanda ke da mahimmanci don sassauci da kuma haɗa tsagewa. |
| Juriyar Hawaye | ASTM D624 | Yana kimanta ƙarfin tsagewa, yana nuna juriya ga lalacewar injiniya. |
| Mannewa (Bare) | ASTM D903 | Yana gwada mannewa a kan abubuwa kamar siminti, yana tabbatar da haɗin rufin yadda ya kamata. |
| Mannewa (tef/Ja-Kashe) | ASTM D3359 / ASTM D4541 | Yana auna mannewa ta hanyar gwajin tef ko ƙarfin cirewa, yana tabbatar da ingancin haɗin gwiwa a wurare daban-daban. |
| Tauri | ASTM D2240 / ASTM D3363 | Yana kimanta taurin bakin teku ko taurin fensir, wanda ya shafi juriyar lalacewa da kuma taurin saman. |
| Gadar Tsagewa | ASTM C1305 | Yana gwada ikon haɗa tsagewar abubuwa ba tare da gazawa ba, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga tsarin aiki mai ƙarfi. |
| Abubuwan da ke cikin daskararru | ASTM D2369 | Yana ƙayyade yawan daskararrun da ba sa canzawa, yana tabbatar da cewa suna da ƙarfi sosai don ingantaccen ɗaukar hoto da aiki. |
| Keke Mai Tsalle | ASTM C836 (Sashe a ciki) | Yana kimanta aiki a ƙarƙashin fashewar zagaye a ƙananan yanayin zafi. |
Waɗannan ƙa'idodi da gwaje-gwaje suna tabbatar da cewa samfuran hana ruwa na polyurethane daga Great Ocean sun cika ma'aunin masana'antu don inganci da aminci. Don takamaiman bin ƙa'idodin samfura ko gwaji na musamman, tuntuɓi ƙungiyar fasaha tamu ko duba sabbin wallafe-wallafen ASTM, domin ƙa'idodi na iya tasowa.
Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi
Menene fa'idodin amfani da rufin polyurethane mai hana ruwa daga Great Ocean?
Rufinmu yana ba da kariya mai ɗorewa tare da sassauci mai yawa, tsari mai kyau ga muhalli, da kuma dacewa da nau'ikan abubuwa daban-daban. Suna tsayayya da ruwa, sinadarai, da gogewa, suna tabbatar da cewa ayyukanku sun kasance bushe da aminci tsawon shekaru yayin da suke rage buƙatun kulawa.
Nawa ne kudin rufin polyurethane mai hana ruwa shiga?
Farashin rufin polyurethane mai hana ruwa ya bambanta dangane da nau'in samfurin, adadi, da buƙatun aikace-aikacen. Don ingantaccen farashi, tuntuɓi ƙungiyar tallace-tallace a [email protected] ko kuma ku nemi farashi—muna bayar da farashi mai kyau don ingantattun hanyoyin magance matsalolin da aka tabbatar da su waɗanda suka dace da aikinku.
Shin rufin polyurethane mai hana ruwa shiga yana da illa ga muhalli?
Eh, zaɓin polyurethane ɗinmu na ruwa ba shi da ƙarancin VOC kuma ba shi da sinadarai masu narkewa, suna rage tasirin muhalli ba tare da yin illa ga aiki ba. Sun dace da ayyukan gine-gine masu kore da wuraren da ke da ƙamshi mai tsauri.
Har yaushe rufin polyurethane mai hana ruwa zai daɗe?
Idan aka yi amfani da shi yadda ya kamata, rufinmu zai iya ɗaukar shekaru 10+, ya danganta da abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli. Juriyar UV da sassaucin da suke da shi suna taimaka musu jure faɗaɗawa, matsewa, da kuma yanayin yanayi, wanda hakan ke ba su damar yin amfani da ingantaccen kariya daga ruwa na dogon lokaci.
Za a iya amfani da rufin da ke hana ruwa shiga polyurethane a kan rufin da ake da su?
Hakika—sun dace da yawancin kayan rufin da ake da su, har ma da waɗanda suka lalace ko suka lalace. Wannan ya sa suka zama kyakkyawan zaɓi don gyarawa da haɓakawa ba tare da buƙatar cikakken maye gurbinsu ba.
